Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe Naphezu kokuthi Eyizilwane Ezidla inyama - Impendulo Kuwo Wonke Umbuzo Wakho Ngalokhu Kudla Kwekati

Mayelana Nekati Futhi Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe?

Ikati (Felis catus) wuhlobo olufuywayo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane ezidla inyama. Iwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezifuywayo emndenini we-Felidae futhi ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi ikati elifuywayo ukuze lihlukanise kumalungu asendle omndeni. Ikati lingaba ikati lasendlini, ikati lasepulazini noma ikati lasendle; laba bashintsha ngokukhululekile futhi bagweme ukuxhumana nabantu. Amakati afuywayo abantu bayawazisa ngobungane bawo nekhono lokubulala amagundane. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-60 zamakati zibonwa ngababhalisi bamakati abahlukahlukene.

Ikati lifana ngokwemvelo nezinye izinhlobo zekati: linomzimba onamandla oguquguqukayo, amandla asheshayo, amazinyo abukhali kanye nezinzipho ezihlehliswayo ezijwayele ukubulala inyamazane encane. Ukubona ebusuku kanye nomuzwa wokuhogela kuthuthukiswe kahle. Ukuxhumana kwekati kufaka phakathi ukuphimisela okufana nokucula, ukuphusha, ukuthuthumela, ukuhayiza, ukugquma, nokububula, kanye nolimi lomzimba oluqondene nekati. I-predator esebenzayo kakhulu (ukuhlwa) ekuseni nakusihlwa, ikati lingumzingeli ozimele, kodwa uhlobo lwenhlalo. Ingezwa imisindo enamaza abuthaka kakhulu noma aphakeme kakhulu endlebeni yomuntu, njengaleyo eyenziwa amagundane nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Ikhipha futhi izwa ama-pheromone.

Amakati afuywayo esifazane angaba namakati kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile, anobukhulu bemfucumfucu ngokuvamile obusukela kumakati amabili kuya kwayisihlanu. Amakati asekhaya afuywa futhi akhonjiswe emicimbini njengamakati ozalo olubhalisiwe, umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa owaziwa ngokuthi i-cat fantasy. Ukulawulwa kwenani labantu bamakati kungase kuthinteke ngokuzalanisa nokuzalanisa, kodwa ukuzala kwawo kanye nokulahlwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo kuye kwaphumela emananini amakhulu amakati atholakala emhlabeni wonke futhi kube nomthelela ekuqothulweni kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.

Amakati aqala ukufuywa e-Near East cishe ngo-7500 BC. Kwakucatshangwa isikhathi eside ukuthi ukufuywa kwamakati kwaqala eGibhithe lasendulo, lapho amakati ayehlonishwa khona cishe ngo-3100 BC. Ngo-2021, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunabanikazi abayizigidi ezingama-220 namakati alahlekile ayizigidi ezingama-480 emhlabeni. Kusukela ngo-2017, ikati elifuywayo laliyisilwane sesibili esithandwa kakhulu e-United States, sinamakati ayizigidi ezingu-95. E-UK, u-26% wabantu abadala banamakati, nenani labantu elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-10.9 zamakati afuywayo kusukela ngo-2020. (Can Cats Eat Watermelon)

I-Etymology nokuqamba igama

Umsuka wegama lesiNgisi elithi cat, i-Old English cat, kucatshangwa ukuthi igama lesiLatini Sakamuva elithi cattus, elaqala ukusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-6. Kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi igama elithi 'cattus' lisuselwa kwelithi Coptic ϣⲁⲩ šau, igama elithi "tomcat" laseGibhithe, noma isimo salo sowesifazane esixhunywe ngokuthi -t. Igama lesiLatini elingasekho kungenzeka lisuselwe kolunye ulimi lwesi-Afro-Asian noma isiNilo-Saharan. Igama lesiNubian elithi kaddîska “ikati lasendle” nelithi Nobiin kadīs ayimithombo engaba khona noma izihlobo. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Igama elithi Nubian lingase libe yigama elithathwe kwelesi-Arabhu elithi قَطّ‎qaṭṭ ~ قِطّ qiṭṭ. “Kungenzeka ngokufanayo ukuthi amafomu asuselwa egameni lesiJalimane lasendulo elangeniswa olimini lwesiLatini futhi ukusuka lapho layiswa esiGrekini, isiSyriac, nesi-Arabhu”. Igama lingase lithathwe olimini lwesiJalimane nelaseNyakatho Yurophu futhi ekugcineni libolekwe olimini lwesi-Uralic, cf. IsiSami saseNyakatho gáđfi, “ikhadi lesifazane” nesiHungary hölgy, “ma’am, woman kadi”; Kusukela ku-Proto-Uralic *käďwä, “owesifazane (wesilwane esinoboya)”. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Ikati laseBrithani, elinwetshwe njengekati nekati, lafakazelwa kusukela ngekhulu le-16 futhi kungenzeka ukuthi lethulwa ezimbongini zamaDashi noma kusukela ku-Low German puuskatte ehlobene ne-Swedish kattepus noma i-Norwegian pus, i-pusekatt. Amafomu afanayo akhona ngesi-Lithuanian puižė kanye ne-Irish puisín noma puiscín. I-etymology yaleli gama ayaziwa, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi isuka emsindweni osetshenziselwa ukuheha ikati. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Ikati leduna libizwa ngokuthi i-tom noma i-tomcat (noma i-gib uma i-neutered). Owesifazane ongahluziwe ubizwa ngokuthi indlovukazi, ikakhulukazi endabeni yokuzalanisa ikati. Ikati libizwa ngokuthi ikati. Ku-Early Modern English, igama elithi kitten lingathathelwa indawo igama eliphelelwe yisikhathi elithi catling. Iqembu lamakati lingabizwa ngokuthi ama-clowns noma ama-dazzlers. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Evolution

Ikati elifuywayo liyilungu lomndeni wakwaFelidae, onokhokho oyedwa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-10-15 edlule. I-genus Felis yahlukana kwezinye i-Felidae eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-6-7 edlule. Imiphumela yezifundo ze-phylogenetic iqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlobo ze-Felis zasendle zavela ngokuzwelana noma ukucabangela kwe-parapatric, kuyilapho ikati elifuywayo lavela ngokukhethwa kokwenziwa. Ikati elifuywayo kanye nokhokho balo basendle abaseduze kakhulu yi-diploid futhi womabili anama-chromosome angama-38 kanye nezakhi zofuzo ezingaba ngu-20,000. Ikati leopard (Prionailurus bengalensis) lafuywa ngokuzimela eShayina cishe ngo-5500 BC. Lo mugqa wamakati afuywe ngokwengxenye awushiyi mkhondo kumakati asekhaya anamuhla. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Skeleton

Amakati anama-vertebrae omlomo wesibeletho ayisikhombisa (njengezilwane ezincelisayo eziningi); I-13 i-thoracic vertebrae (abantu bane-12); i-lumbar vertebrae eyisikhombisa (abantu banamahlanu); ama-vertebrae amathathu e-sacral (njengasezilwaneni eziningi ezincelisayo, kodwa abantu banezinhlanu); kanye nenani eliguquguqukayo lama-caudal vertebrae emsileni (abantu banamathambo omgogodla we-vestigial caudal ahlanganiswe ne-coccyx yangaphakathi). I-lumbar eyengeziwe kanye ne-thoracic vertebrae inesibopho sokuhamba komgogodla wekati nokuguquguquka. Kuxhunywe umgogodla izimbambo ezingu-13, amahlombe kanye ne-pelvis. Ngokungafani nezingalo zomuntu, imilenze yangaphambili ye-feline ixhunywe ehlombe ngamathambo akhululekile e-clavicle, avumela imizimba yazo ukuba idlule kunoma yiziphi izikhala lapho amakhanda azo angangena khona. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Claws

Amakati anezinzipho ezinwebekayo nezihlehlekayo. Esimeni sabo esivamile, esikhululekile, izidladla zimbozwe ngesikhumba noboya futhi zizungeze izinzwane ze-paw. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuguga ukuthi kungathintani nomhlaba, ukugcina izinzipho zibukhali futhi kuvumela inyamazane ukuthi ilandele buthule. Izinzipho ezinyaweni zangaphambili zicijile kakhulu kunalezo ezisezinyaweni zangemuva. Amakati anganweba inzipho zawo ngokuzithandela kuzipho olulodwa noma ngaphezulu. Bangakwazi ukunweba izinzipho zabo ukuze babambe iqhaza okwengeziwe ngokuzingela noma ukuzivikela, ukugibela, ukuxova, noma ezindaweni ezithambile. Amakati akhipha ungqimba olungaphandle lwezidladla zawo lapho enwaya izindawo ezimahhadlahhadla. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Amakati amaningi anezidladla ezinhlanu zangaphambili nezidladla ezine zangemuva. Uzipho lwamazolo lusondelene nezinye. Ngokuseduze, i-protrusion ebukeka "njengomunwe" wesithupha. Lesi sici sezidladla zangaphambili, esitholakala ngaphakathi kwezihlakala, asinawo umsebenzi ekuhambeni okuvamile, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi siwumshini ovimbela ukushelela osetshenziswa ngenkathi ugxuma. Ezinye izinhlobo zamakati zivame ukuba nezinzwane ezengeziwe ("polydactyly"). Amakati e-Polydactyly atholakala ogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNyakatho Melika naseGreat Britain. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Ngenkathi abangani bethu bezilwane behlala nathi, bazama ukusikhotha konke ukudla esikudlayo ngaphandle kokuqaphela ukuziphatha kwabo okudliwayo.

Nakuba amakati ezilwane ezidla inyama, ajabulela izithelo ezinjengama-cherries, ama-strawberries, ama-apula, izaqathi nemifino eminingi eluhlaza njenge ulethisi.

Njengezithelo ezifana nama-cherries, ama-strawberry, ama-apula, izaqathe kanye nemifino eminingi eluhlaza njenge ulethisi.

Ikhabe ngesinye isithelo izilwane ezinoboya ezithanda ukufaka ulimi lwazo ngaso.

Kodwa umbuzo ohlale usincinza njengabanikazi bejazi elithanda ama-fluffy ukuthi amakati angaba namakhabe? (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Nali umhlahlandlela ophelele:

Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe?

Yebo, amakati angadla ikhabe.

Nokho, ezinye izithelo ezifana namakhabe namajusi, ikhabe zilungele amakati, kodwa imbewu, isikhumba, ikhasi noma imbewu ngaphakathi kuyingozi.

Wonke anothile ngamavithamini afana no-A no-C. Njengoba amakati nawo ethola la mavithamini ekudleni kwenyama kanye ne-tuna, awadli ngempela imifino ekudleni kwawo.

Nokho, amakhabe aphephile kumakati, kodwa ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha ziyadingeka ngokulinganisela futhi ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi yokuklinywa. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Izinto Ezenza Ikhabe Liphathe Kahle Emakati:

1. Amakhabe Agcina Amakati Amanzi:

Njengoba ihlobo lisondela, amakati akho azodinga amanzi amaningi ukuze ahlale emanzi. Amaphesenti angama-90 amakhabe enziwe ngamanzi anempilo.

Ukuphatha amakhabe amancane kungavulwa noma kuvalwe ukugcina amakati egcwele amanzi futhi egcwele. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

2. Amakhabe Athuthukisa Ukunyakaza Kwamathumbu Ekati:

Izithelo zomndeni we-melon zicebile ku-fiber yokudla, esiza ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhuthazeni isimiso sokugaya ukudla kwekati.

Ukuze uvimbele udoti wekati ukuthi ungakheki kumakhaphethi nangaphansi kosofa endlini yakho yonke, qiniseka ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokugaya lusebenza kahle, futhi iziphatho ezincane zekhabe zingenza lokho kanye. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

3. Ukwelashwa Kwekhabe Lamanzi Gcina Amakati Enempilo Futhi Ezilungisile:

Ikhabe yisithelo esinikeza ikati lakho wonke amavithamini nezakhi ezidingekayo.

Lapho ikati lakho liphilile, lizokwazi umkhwenyana kahle, chitha kancane futhi ume ukubambelela.

Kudingeka kuthathwe izinyathelo ezithile zokuzivikela. Njengo:

Amakati Angaba Kanjani Amakhabe - Izinyathelo zokuphepha:

Unganikezi ikati lakho ikhabe lonke, kuhlanganise nembewu nezikhumba, ukuze likhothe; Kungaba ubuthi emakati.

Uma uthola ikati lakho likhotha ulimi lwalo ikhabe, thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

1. Khipha Imbewu

Susa yonke imbewu esithelweni ngaphambi kokusipha amakati akho ngoba imbewu ingase ibe nobuthi obungalimaza imizimba nempilo yabo.

Ungakwazi yini ukudla imbewu yekhabe? Njengabantu ungakwazi, kodwa njengamakati kunzima ukugaya. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Umbuzo: Ingabe amakati angawadla amakhabe angenambewu?

Impendulo: Yebo, amakhabe angenambewu awukudla okuhle kwekati ngesikhathi sasehlobo, nokho ukugcina isheke ngobungako kuyadingeka.

Isayensi yokungondli imbewu yekhabe lakho iyinhlanganisela ebizwa ngokuthi i-cyanide, engaba ubuthi emakatini nakwezinye izilwane.

Kuyafana nembewu ye-cherry ene-cyanide, iyingozi ukuthi idle amakati. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Imbewu Yamakhabe Ibanga Uhudo Emakatini:

I-Cyanide iyinhlanganisela engabangela ukuhlanza okukhulu ezilwaneni ezifuywayo uma zihlafunwa noma zigwinywa.

Lokhu kuhlanza kungabangela isifo sohudo futhi kubangele ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni wesilwane esifuywayo.

Amakati anezisu ezizwelayo, ikakhulukazi lapho esemancane, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqaphela nakakhulu uma ukweleta kitten. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

2. Susa i-Rind:

Udinga futhi ukususa ikhasi lesithelo futhi, njengoba kunzima ukuba amakati agaye.

Indandatho igobolondo langaphandle, noma singasho igobolondo eliqinile lekhabe.

Uma ufuna ukuphakela izilwane ezifuywayo ezifana namakati nezinja ngekhabe, qiniseka ukuthi ikhabe alinambewu futhi isikhumba sikhishwe ngokuphelele emaphethelweni.

Kukho konke lokhu, kufanele uhambisane nenani lekhabe futhi uthole ikati lakho lihlolwe ngokwezempilo ngaphambi kokuphakela isithelo esinoshukela. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Ikhabe Liyingozi Emakati Anesifo Sikashukela:

Amakhabe amnandi kakhulu futhi nakuba equkethe ushukela wemvelo, angadala ukungalingani kwesifo sikashukela emzimbeni wesilwane sakho esifuywayo.

Manje, kunezimo ezimbili okufanele uzikhumbule lapho uphakela izilwane ezifuywayo ikhabe.

1. Ikati linesifo sikashukela
2. Ikati alinaso isifo sikashukela

Uma ikati lakho lisesigabeni sokuqala, akunakwenzeka ukuthi wondle ikhabe lakho lekati.

Izinga likashukela eliphezulu lingabangela ushukela ophezulu egazini lekati lakho.

Esigabeni sakamuva, kuhle ukubanikeza inani elihle lesithelo kulo mndeni wamakhabe, kodwa okungaphezu kwalokho kungabalethela izimpawu zesifo sikashukela.

Ingabe uyazi

Uma ubona ikati lakho liklinya, kungenzeka ukuthi ligwinye i-cyanide emigodini noma imbewu. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Lingakanani Umthamo Wekhabe Onele Emakati?

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, inani lekhabe lincike ekati lakho kanye nemikhuba yalo yokudla.

Uzodinga ukubala inani lekhabe ozoliphakela ikati lakho ngale fomula elandelayo:

Ingqikithi yokudla kwekati ÷ 10 x 100 = inani lekhabe lamakati

Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphesenti ayishumi okudla okuphelele inani lekhabe ongalidla.

Zama ukusebenzisa izilinganiso zokulinganisa ezifanele ukuze ugcine ukulawula umthamo.

Manje, yini okufanele uyenze ngokunye ukudla okungamaphesenti angama-90?

Ngalokhu, zama ukusebenzisa ukudla kwekati okufanelekile okugcwele zonke izakhi ezibalulekile ezifana amavithamini, amaminerali, ama-fatty acids bese unikeza ikati lakho ukuthi lidle. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Kangakanani Amakati Angadla Amakhabe?

Amakhabe, kanye namanye ama-achenes omndeni we-melon, izithelo zasehlobo.

Kodwa-ke, ukuyinikeza ikati lakho kaningi kungabangela izingozi zempilo.

Ngakho-ke, phakela amakati akho ikhabe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ulinikeze izikhathi ezimbalwa. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Ungawagcina Kanjani Amakati Akho Ekuthatheni Izibiliboco Engamenywanga?

Ikati lakho lizokhombisa intshisekelo ngokoqobo kunoma yini oyidlayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukunambitheka kwe-carnivore noma cha. Bese:

1. Ungawadli Amakhabe Uma Amakati Eseduze:

Kufanele ugweme ukudla ikhabe phambi kwekati lakho elinoboya ukuze ulivimbele ukuthi lingadli ikhabe.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungabangela izifiso futhi ikati lakho lingase liziphathe ngendlela exakile futhi libe nenkani ukuze lilume.

Qiniseka ukuthi ikati lakho alikho lapho uziphathisa okumnandi kwekhabe. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

2. Gcina Amakati Akho Amanzi:

Nokho, qiniseka ukuthi unikeza ikati lakho amanzi amaningi okuphuza ebusika kanye nasehlobo.

Amakati awekho asebenzayo njengezinhlobo ezahlukene ezinkulu noma izinja ezincane.

Nokho, ngisho noma bengasebenzi futhi behlala ekamelweni elinomoya opholile ngaphakathi endlini, bavame ukuzwa ukoma. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

3. Gcina amanzi eduze kwakho ngaso sonke isikhathi:

Ukuze lokhu, njalo amanzi nawe.

Ungasebenzisa amabhodlela esilwane esifuywayo aphathekayo ukugcina amanzi nawe futhi ikati lakho liphuze amanzi ngaphandle kokusuka esihlalweni sakho.

Siyazi njengesilwane sekati lakho, nawe awuthandi ukuhambahamba kakhulu. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

iziphakamiso:

Ngenxa yokuthi idla inyama, amakati akho awakwazi ukuhlala wodwa ezitshalweni nakumakhambi.

Kudingeka futhi badle ukudla kwabo kwemvelo kanye nenyama.

Ngakho-ke, zama ukondla ikati lakho ukudla kwabo, badalelwa ukuba badle ngokwemvelo.

Nokho, qiniseka ukuthi inyama nokudla okusebenzisayo kufanelekile futhi kungcono kakhulu ukuze amakati akho akudle.

Okwesibili, ungakwenzi phakela ikati lakho ukudla okufanayo kanye ngesikhathi, noma ngisho ukumnika okuthile okuhlukile nsuku zonke.

Yenza uhlelo lokudla lwekati lakho. Ngaphambi kokunikeza ikati lakho ukudla okudliwayo, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola okuqukethwe. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Kungani Amakati Edla Ikhabe?

Ngaphambi kokuphendula lo mbuzo, ake sithi ukukhathazeka kwakho kuyiqiniso impela.

Eqinisweni, nakuba amakati nezinja ehlala nabantu, athatha imikhuba yethu eminingi, njengokubuka iTV, ukudla okungenamsoco, ukuphuza nathi.

Ah! Ngikhuluma ngeziphuzo zobisi ezinempilo. Ngakho-ke, uma amazinyo ekati lakho ehlala esithelweni somndeni we-melon, lokhu akuyona indlela engavamile, ikati lakho lenza kahle.

Kodwa ingabe ikhabe liphephile kumakati, lowo ngumbuzo odinga ukuphendulwa. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Ukuze kube lula, hlaza futhi uxazulule imibuzo yakho

“YEBO!!! Amakati angawadla amakhabe, hhayi wona kuphela, zonke izinhlobo zamakhabe njengekhabe noju ziphephile ukuba amakati akhothe futhi adle.”

Kodwa njengenjwayelo, ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha kufanele zithathwe.

Lo mhlahlandlela uzochaza kabanzi ngokuziphatha kokudla kwekati kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele uzithathe lapho upha ikati noma yini. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Ukusondezwa Kokuqukethwe + Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa:

Ngaphambi kokuthi siqedele lokhu okuqukethwe, masenze isifinyezo sokuqukethwe ngendlela yama-FAQ:

I-Q1 - Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe?

Yebo, bangakwazi ngamanani alinganiselwe, njengoba kwenza amaphesenti angu-10 kuphela okudla kwabo okuphelele.

I-Q2 - Ingabe I-Watermelon Ingawabulala Amakati?

Nokho, ukukhuluphala kungadala isifo sikashukela, kuyilapho amakhabe anembewu enothisa angabangela isifo sohudo. Uma nje zombili izimo ziqhubeka, amakhabe angabulala amakati, kodwa ukwelapha okuncane ngeke. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Q3 kungani inani elilingene lekhabe liphephile kumakati?

Inani elikhulu lamanzi anempilo esithelweni lisenza siphephe ikati njengoba lisiza amakati ukuthi ahlale emanzi. (Ingabe Amakati Angadla Ikhabe)

Q4 – Ingabe Amazinyane Angakwazi Ukudla Ikhabe?

Inani elincane lekhabe liphephile kumakati inqobo nje uma imbewu isikhishiwe.

Ithiphu: Njengekati, ikati lakho lisafunda futhi lithuthukisa imikhuba yokudla.

Qiniseka ukuthi uthuthukisa imikhuba yokudla enempilo emakati akho lapha.

I-Q5 - Yiziphi Izimpawu Zobuthi Bembewu Yekhabe Emakatini?

1. Ikati lingase liqale ukuklinya.
2. Ukuvota
3. Ukucasuka Kwesisu

Isiphetho:

Ekuphetheni, singasho ukuthi amakati angadla ikhabe, kodwa hhayi kaningi futhi hhayi kakhulu.

Wake wasinika ikati lakho lesi sithelo? Sazise esigabeni sokuphawula esingezansi.

Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuphina/ibhukumaka futhi uvakashele blog ngolwazi oluthe xaxa oluthokozisayo kodwa lwangempela. (I-Vodka kanye nejusi yamagilebhisi)