Izolo, Umyeni Wami Ucabange Ukuthi Ubona Iphela Egumbini Lokugeza

Mayelana Nephela Nephela Endlini yokugezela

Amachaphaza (noma ama-roaches) izinambuzane ye-oda I-Blattodea, okuhlanganisa futhi amasimu. Izinhlobo zamaphela ezingaba ngu-30 kwezingu-4,600 ezihlotshaniswa nezindawo ezihlala abantu. Ezinye izinhlobo zaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi izinambuzane. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Amaphela yiqembu lasendulo, amadlozi aphuma ngesikhathi I-Carboniferous isikhathi, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-300-350 edlule. Nokho, labo khokho bokuqala babentula ingaphakathi ama-ovipositors wezingulube zesimanje. Amaphela ayizinambuzane ezivamile ezingenazo izimo ezikhethekile (njengokumunca imilomo of izintwala kanye nezinye izimbungulu zangempela); banezingxenye zomlomo ezihlafunayo futhi ngokunokwenzeka baphakathi kwabantu bakudala kakhulu ekuphileni I-Neopteran izinambuzane. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Ziyizinambuzane ezivamile futhi eziqinile ezikwazi ukubekezelela ububanzi obubanzi isimo sezulu, kusukela I-Arctic kubanda ku ezishisayo ukushisa. Amaphela asezindaweni ezishisayo ngokuvamile amakhulu kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezipholile. Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, izihlobo zamaphela (Blattoptera) kanye 'nama-roachoids' afana ne-Carboniferous I-Archimylacris futhi I-Permian I-Aptoroblattina zazingenkulu njengezinhlobo ezinkulu zesimanje. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-gregarious Iphela laseJalimane, abe nesakhiwo senhlalo esinemininingwane ebandakanya indawo yokuhlala evamile, ukuncika emphakathini, ukudluliswa kolwazi kanye nokuqashelwa kwezihlobo. Amaphela avele esikweni lesintu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zakudala zakudala. Zivame ukuvezwa njengezinambuzane ezingcolile, nakuba iningi lezinhlobo zezilwane azihlaseli futhi zihlala ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala emhlabeni jikelele. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

I-Taxonomy kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Amaphela angamalungu e-Superorder I-Dictyoptera, okubandakanya amasimu futhi izithwalambiza, iqembu lezinambuzane okwakucatshangwa ukuthi lihlukene namaphela. Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezingama-4,600 kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-460 ezichazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Igama "iphela” livela egameni leSpanishi elisho iphela, iphela, yaguqulwa ngesiNgisi sango-1620 i-folk etymology ibe “iqhude” nelithi “roach”. Igama lesayensi lisuselwa kwelesiLatini i-blatta, “isilokazane esigwema ukukhanya”, ngesiLatini sakudala sasingasetshenziswa nje kuphela kumaphela, kodwa futhi izithwalambiza. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Ngokomlando, igama elithi Blattaria lalisetshenziswa kakhulu ngokushintshana negama elithi Blattodea, kodwa ngenkathi iBlattaria yayisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kumaphela 'eqiniso' kuphela, iBlattodea ihlanganisa nomuhlwa. Ikhathalogi yamanje yezinhlobo zamaphela emhlabeni isebenzisa igama elithi Blattodea eqenjini. Elinye igama, Blattoptera, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ezihlotsheni zamaphela engasekho. Izinsalela zakudala ezifana nephela (“blattopterans” noma “roachids”) zisuka ku- I-Carboniferous eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-320 edlule, njengoba kunjalo ngamanymphs e-fossil roachoid. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Ngokusho kweyodwa i-hypothesis, amaphela kwakuyiqembu lasendulo lezinambuzane ezavela phakathi nenkathi I-Devonian inkathi. Izinsalela zama- roachoid ezaziphila ngaleso sikhathi zihlukile kumaphela esimanje ngoba zazinesikhathi eside sangaphandle ama-ovipositors futhi bangamadlozi izithwalambiza, kanye namaphela esimanje. Njengomzimba, amaphiko angemuva futhi izimbotshana zomlomo azilondolozwa emivubukulweni kaningi, ubudlelwano bala ma-roachoid namaphela esimanje busaphikisana. Izinsalela zokuqala zamaphela esimanje anama-ovipositors angaphakathi avele ekuqaleni Kuyasinda. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-phylogenetic kwakamuva kusikisela ukuthi amaphela avela okungenani endaweni Jurassic. Amaphela ajwayelekile e-Mesozoic stem-group ahlanganisa Blattulidae futhi I-Mesoblattinidae. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Ubudlelwano bokuzivelela kwe-Blattodea (amaphela nomuhlwa) obuboniswe ku i-cladogram zisekelwe ku-Inward, Beccaloni kanye ne-Eggleton (2007). Imindeni yamaphela I-Anaplectidae, I-Lamproblattidae, Futhi I-Tryonicidae azikhonjiswa kodwa zibekwe emndenini omkhulu weBlattoidea. Imindeni yamaphela I-Corydiidae futhi Ectobiidae phambilini bekwaziwa ngokuthi yiPolyphagidae neBlattellidae.

Imihlwa phambilini ibithathwa njengohlelo oluhlukile Isoptera kumaphela. Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi bamuva bofuzo buphakamisa ngokuqinile ukuthi avela ngokuqondile emaphela 'eqiniso', futhi ababhali abaningi manje bawabeka ngokuthi “umndeni we-epifamily” yaseBlattodea. Lobu bufakazi basekela umbono owasikiselwa ngo-1934 wokuthi umuhlwa uhlobene eduze namaphela adla izinkuni (uhlobo lomuhlwa). I-Cryptocercus). (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Le nkolelo-mbono ekuqaleni yayisekelwe ekufananeni kwe-symbiotic gut ama-flagellate emihlwa ethathwa njenge izinsalela eziphilayo namaphela adla izinkuni. Ubufakazi obengeziwe buvele lapho u-F. A. McKittrick (1965) ephawula izici ezifanayo ze-morphological phakathi kweminye imihlwa nama-cockroach nymphs. Ukufana kwala maphela nomuhlwa kuye kwaholela abanye ososayensi ukuba bahlukanise umuhlwa njengomkhaya owodwa, I-Termitidae, ngaphakathi kwe-oda Blattodea. Abanye ososayensi bathathe indlela elandelanayo, behlongoza ukugcina umuhlwa njenge I-Termitoidae, A umndeni we-epifamily ngaphakathi kwe-oda. Isilinganiso esinjalo sigcina ukuhlukaniswa kwemihlwa ezingeni lomndeni nangaphansi. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Izinhlobo eziningi zamaphela zilingana nesithonjana, kodwa izinhlobo eziningana zikhudlwana. Iphela elisinda kakhulu emhlabeni i-Australian umdondoshiya ogobhozayoI-Macropanesthia rhinoceros, engafinyelela amasentimitha angu-8 (3 in) ubude futhi ibe nesisindo esingafika kumagremu angu-35 (1.2 oz). Uma kuqhathaniswa ngosayizi iphela elikhulu laseMelika Ephakathi I-Blaberus giganteus. Uhlobo lwamaphela olude kakhulu I-Megaloblatta longipennis, engafinyelela ku-97 mm (3+⁷/₈ ku) ubude futhi 45 mm (1+³/₄ in) ngaphesheya. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Izinhlobo zezilwane zaseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, I-Megaloblatta blaberoides, inamaphiko amakhulu kunawo wonke afinyelela ku-185 mm (7+¹/₄ ngaphakathi). Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesikali sikasayizi, Atphila amaphela ahlala nawo izintuthwane ezisika amaqabunga zihlanganisa ezinye zezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ezikhula cishe zibe ngu-3.5 mm ubude.

Amaphela ayizinambuzane ezivamile ezikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezikhethekile ezimbalwa, futhi angase abe phakathi kweziningi kakhulu okuyisisekelo Ukuphila I-Neopteran izinambuzane. Zinekhanda elincane uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba obanzi, oyisicaba, futhi izinhlobo eziningi zibomvu ngokubomvu kuya kunsundu ngokumnyama. Zinkulu amehlo ahlanganisiwe, ezimbili ocele, futhi yinde, iyavumelana nezimo izimpondo. The imilomo zingaphansi kwekhanda futhi zihlanganisa ukuhlafuna okuvamile ama-mandibles, izindlala zamathe kanye nama-receptors ahlukahlukene wokuthinta nokunambitha.

Umzimba uhlukaniswe ithorax enezingxenye ezintathu kanye nesisu esinezingxenye eziyishumi. Indawo yangaphandle inokuqina indawo engaphandle equkethe i-calcium carbonate; lokhu kuvikela izitho zangaphakathi futhi kunikeza ukunamathela emisipha. Le exoskeleton yangaphandle imbozwe ngengcina ukuze ixoshe amanzi. Amaphiko anamathele engxenyeni yesibili neyesithathu ye-thoracic. I ithegi, noma amaphiko amabili okuqala, aqinile futhi ayavikela; lezi zazilele njengehawu phezu kwe-membranous amaphiko angemuva, ezisetshenziswa endizeni. Wonke amaphiko amane ane-branching longitudinal veins, kanye nama-multiple imithambo yegazi. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Hahaha, kuyahlekisa ukufunda, kodwa kuhlekisa nakakhulu uma kudingeka ngempela.

Ucabanga ukuthi abayeni bazokusiza ngokuhlanza ikhishi negumbi lokugezela?

Hhayi-ke, ezikhathini eziningi, babekhetha isinambuzane basilahle ngaphandle kwekhishi. Inkinga ixazululiwe! LOL

UGaga uhleka ngokwehlukana, ukugcinwa kwendlu kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, kungaba ngamakhosikazi noma ngabayeni.

Ingabe uyavuma?

Kulokhu, udinga ukwazi amanye amathiphu okuhlanza, amanye amaqhinga omsebenzi wasendlini, futhi ube namathuluzi awusizo okwenza umsebenzi wasendlini ngokuzenzakalelayo. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Ufuna ukuzwa amathiphu? Ake size:

1. Ungalahli Izinsingo, Imfucumfucu, Nezingubo Zokusonga Yonke Indawo Ekhaya:

Awudingi ukuhlanza ngokujulile phansi nophahla nsuku zonke.

Ezimweni eziningi, akulona uthuli oludala indawo yakho yonke, udoti osakazwa yonke indawo.

Isibonelo, izingane noma thina ekhaya siphonsa amagobolondo, ama-wrapers noma ezinye izinto lapha nalaphaya.

Lokhu kwenza ngisho nendlu ehlanziwe ibukeke ingcolile.

Ngakho uma wenza umkhuba wokungajikijeli izinto yonke indawo, indlu yakho izobukeka icocekile futhi ihlanzekile isonto lonke.

Ungasebenzisa amabhokisi okuqoqa udoti nabathengi kulokhu. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi asifuni ukuyishiya indawo futhi siyilahle kudoti.

Ngakho ungabeka imigqomo endlini yonke futhi ucele umyeni wakho, izingane kanye nezivakashi ukuthi ziyisebenzise lapho kudingeka. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

2. Ungawashiyi Osinki, Izitsha, kanye namanye ama-Gutters Kuvinjiwe:

Lapho ugeza izitsha, ugeza izingubo noma ugeza, okusele, izinwele zezilwane ezifuywayo noma ngisho nezinwele zakho zizobhajwa emiseleni futhi zivimbe amanzi. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Le nto ayigcini nje ngokwenza amanzi abe nzima ukuwageza, kodwa futhi ingadala iphunga phansi.

Ngakho-ke, zama ukucwilisa kahle ama-gutters masonto onke. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Kuzokuvimbela ukuba ungabi namahloni phambi kwezivakashi ngenxa yephunga elibi elizungezile. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

3. Nikeza Imizuzu eyi-10 Yokukhipha Uthuli nsuku zonke:

Uthuli lwefenisha lenza ikhaya lakho libukeke lingcolile, lidala futhi lingaphumuli.

Awuzwa umuzwa wokuphumula lapho yonke into ekuzungezile inezinhlayiya zothuli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlayiya ezingcolile zimema izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane endlini yakho futhi ziphazamise ukuphila kwakho.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele uhambe uthuli ifenisha imizuzu embalwa nsuku zonke.

Sebenzisa ithuluzi legajethi-cum-toli elisebenziseka kalula kulo msebenzi elingadingi ukuthi uhambise izinto. (Iphela endlini yokugezela)

Ngalokhu, ikhaya lakho libukeka livulekile, licocekile futhi liduduza ukuze uhlale kude namagciwane nezimbungulu.

4. Sebenzisa amagajethi ukuze uzuze:

Udoti omningi wasendlini udalwa ukuchitheka kwamanzi nezinto eziwayo.

Amabhodlela, izibuko, izimbiza, njll. ekhaya. Sinazo zonke izinhlobo zamashalofu esiwabekayo.

Nokho, lapho sizama ukuzisebenzisa, ngokuvamile ziyawa bese zenza umonakalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, awukwazi ukuslayida zonke izinto zakho emashalofini aphansi ukuze uzenze zifinyeleleke kalula.

Ngakho-ke, kungavimbela amabhodlela ukuthi angawi, ukuchitheka kweziphuzo kanye namagciwane, njll. Sebenzisa amathuluzi ukuze uzivikele.

Sebenzisa amacansi alwa namagciwane lapho ubeka khona ukudla ukuze ugweme ukhunta olunukayo.

Imigqa Yokugcina - Amaqhinga Amancane Okugcina Ikhaya Lihlanzekile:

Lezi bekuyizindlela ezincane kodwa ezihlakaniphile zokugcina indlu yakho ihlanzekile ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amaphela 😛

Ingabe unawo amathiphu awusizo okugcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile? Sicela wabelane kumazwana angezansi.

Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuphina/ibhukumaka futhi uvakashele blog ngolwazi oluthe xaxa oluthokozisayo kodwa lwangempela. (I-Vodka kanye nejusi yamagilebhisi)