Okuqukethwe
Mayelana neSesame neSesame Oil:
Sesame (/sɛzəmiː/ or /sɛsəmiː/; Isibonakaliso seSesamum) Kuyinto isitshalo sezimbali kuhlobo I-sesamum, ebizwa nangokuthi kuwo. Izihlobo eziningi zasendle zenzeka e-Afrika kanye nenani elincane eNdiya. Ibanzi eyenziwe ngokwemvelo ezindaweni ezishisayo emhlabeni jikelele futhi itshalwa imbewu yayo edliwayo, emila kuma-pods. Ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke ngo-2018 kwaba yizigidi eziyisi-6 amathani, Nge Sudan, Myanmar, Futhi India njengabakhiqizi abakhulu.
Imbewu yeSesame ingenye yezindala i-oilseed izitshalo ezaziwa, zafuywa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-3000 edlule. I-sesamum inezinye izinhlobo eziningi, eziningi zazo zingasendle futhi zizalelwa kuzo Afrika yase-Sahara. S. indicum, uhlobo olulinywayo, lwadabuka eNdiya. Ibekezelela izimo zesomiso kahle, ikhula lapho ezinye izitshalo zihluleka khona. ISesame inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha kunoma iyiphi imbewu. Ngokunambitheka okucebile, okunomsoco, kuyisithako esivamile ekudleni emhlabeni jikelele. Njengezinye imbewu nokudla, kungase kubangele iguliswa ukusabela kwabanye abantu.
Etymology
Igama elithi "sesame" livela ku Latin usesamu futhi Greek esamoni; wona asuselwa kweyakudala Izilimi zamaSemitic, isib, Isi-Akkadian šamaššamu. Kulezi zimpande, amagama anencazelo evamile “amafutha, amafutha awuketshezi” asuselwa.
Igama elithi “benne” laqoshwa okokuqala ukuthi lisetshenziswe ku isiZulu ngo-1769 futhi uvela UGullah kuwo yona ngokwayo ephuma kuyo Malinke kube.
Imvelaphi nomlando
Imbewu yeSesame ithathwa njengendala i-oilseed isivuno esaziwa isintu. I-genus inezinhlobo eziningi, futhi eziningi zisendle. Iningi lezinhlobo zasendle zohlobo I-sesamum badabuka e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. S. indicum, uhlobo olulinywayo, lwadabuka eNdiya.
Izinsalela zemivubukulo zisikisela ukuthi isesame yaqalwa ukufuywa endaweni I-Indian subcontinent kusukela eminyakeni engu-5500 edlule. Izinsalela ezishisiwe zesesame ezitholwe emivubukulweni zibhalwe ngo-3500-3050 BC. Ukuhweba okugcwele kwesesame phakathi kweMesopotamiya nezwekazi laseNdiya kwenzeka ngo-2000 BC. Kungenzeka ukuthi i- Indus Valley Impucuko ithunyelwa ngaphandle uwoyela wesame kuya Mesopotamia, lapho yaziwa ngokuthi Ilu in ISumerian futhi elu in Isi-Akkadian.
Eminye imibiko ithi isesame yayilinywa eGibhithe ngesikhathi sokutshala Isikhathi sePtolemaic, kuyilapho abanye besikisela UMbuso omusha. AbaseGibhithe babeyibiza isethi, futhi ifakiwe ohlwini lwemithi yokwelapha emiqulwini ye I-Ebers Papyrus ineminyaka engaphezu kuka-3600 ubudala. Ukumbiwa kweNkosi uTutankhamen kwembule obhasikidi besesame phakathi kwezinye izinto ezimbiwa phansi, okuphakamisa ukuthi usesame wawukhona eGibhithe ngo-1350 BC. Imibiko yemivubukulo ikhombisa ukuthi isesame yakhuliswa futhi yacindezelwa ukuze kukhishwe uwoyela okungenani eminyakeni engama-2750 edlule embusweni we U-Urartu. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwavela kuyo Ethiopia.
Imvelaphi yomlando yesesame yathakazelelwa yikhono layo lokukhula ezindaweni ezingakusekeli ukukhula kwezinye izitshalo. Kuphinde kube yisitshalo esiqinile esidinga ukusekelwa okuncane kokulima—ikhula ezimweni zesomiso, lapho kushisa kakhulu, kunomswakama osalayo enhlabathini ngemva kokuba izimvula zihambile noma ngisho nalapho izimvula zingana noma imvula ina kakhulu. Kwakuyisitshalo esasingatshalwa abalimi abasafufusa emaphethelweni ogwadule, lapho kungatshalwa khona ezinye izitshalo. ISesame ibizwe ngokuthi isitshalo esisindile.
Isaga sesiShayina: “Butha imbewu kasesame ukuze ulahlekelwe ikhabe”
Kungase kubonakale kuncane ukukhuluma ngembewu yesesame, kodwa amafutha akhishwa kuzo aphakeme kakhulu.
Eqinisweni, sekuyigama lasekhaya emakhishini ase-Asia,
Kodwa kuthiwani uma ungayitholi?
Ungakhathazeki! Sinesixazululo esinezinye izindlela eziyi-7 ezingeke zonakalise ukunambitheka kwekhishi lakho.
Ngakho-ke, ake sihambe siyohlola ezinye esikhundleni sikawoyela wesesame. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, isingeniso esincane.
Yini I-Sesame Amafutha?
Amafutha eSesame amanye amafutha emifino atholakala embewini kasesame, asetshenziselwa ukupheka nanjengesithuthukisi ukunambitheka.
Ine-flavour nutty flavour futhi icebile ngamafutha anempilo. Isizathu esingaba isizathu sokukhiqizwa kochungechunge olulinganiselwe ukwanda kwezinqubo zezandla ezingasebenzi ezisaqhutshwa namuhla.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamafutha eSesame
Ngezansi kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamafutha e-sesame atholakalayo emakethe nokuthi kufanele usebenzise kanjani ngayinye.
1. Amafutha ESesame Amnyama noma Agazisiwe noma Athosiwe
Inguqulo emnyama kawoyela wesesame itholakala kumbewu yesesame egazingiwe, ngakho-ke umbala wayo umnyama kakhulu kunamafutha esisame acindezelwe ngokubanda.
Yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi i-black sesame oil.
Ayinconyelwe ukuthosa okujulile njengoba inephuzu eliphansi lentuthu kanye nephunga elimnandi.
Kunalokho, kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuthosa inyama nemifino kanye nezinongo ezifana nezingubo zesaladi noma amasoso.
2. Amafutha Esame Alula
Ngokungafani namafutha e-sesame amnyama, lokhu kukhishwa kusesame eluhlaza.
Iphoyinti layo eliphezulu lentuthu (230°C max) lilungele ukuthosa okujulile noma ukupheka isikhathi eside.
Okuphuzi okukhanyayo okunokunambitheka okuphansi kwe-walnut kuvamile ezindaweni eziningi zokudla zase-Asia, njenge-Crispy Sesame Chicken.
3. Amafutha ESesame Acindezelwe Ngokubandayo
Ngokungafani nezinye, indlela yokucindezela okubandayo iyinqubo yemishini lapho uwoyela etholakala khona ngaphandle kokubeka imbewu yembewu yesame emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, uwoyela ungagcina imisoco eminingi elahlekile ngesikhathi sokukhishwa.
Amafutha e-sesame acindezelwe abandayo awasetshenziselwa ukupheka kuphela kodwa nakwezinye izinjongo eziningi.
Isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti elwa nokuguga esikhumbeni, njengezilondolozi zemvelo zamakhukhamba ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa namagciwane, njll.
Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zesame Amafutha
- Icebile ngethusi, i-magnesium, i-zinc ne-calcium, it isebenza ngokumelene nokuvuvukala kanye nesifo samathambo.
- Ukuceba ngama-antioxidants kuyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ekwelashweni kobuhle izibazi ze-acne.
- Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma usetshenziswa njengamafutha okupheka, wehlisa umfutho wegazi.
- Ingenye yemithombo ephezulu kakhulu yamafutha angagcwalisiwe, ngokwezibalo zoMnyango Wezolimo wase-US.
- Ukugcoba ngamafutha e-sesame kusiza ukususa i-plaque nezinye izifo emlonyeni.
- Kuyasiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka, njengoba kufakazelwa ngomunye cwaningo, njengoba isiza ekukhiqizeni i-serotonin, i-mood stabilizer yemvelo.
Kungani Kufanele Sishintshe Amafutha ESesame?
Ukushintsha uwoyela wesesame ngezinye izindlela eziseduze yingoba unokwaliwa uwoyela wesesame noma awutholakali.
Ukushintsha uwoyela owodwa ngomunye kulula, njengoba kunjalo ngokushintsha uwoyela wamantongomane ngezinye izindlela.
Nokho, ukufaka esikhundleni imifino ngezinye izikhathi kushintsha ukunambitheka kakhulu, njengoba esimweni i-marjoram.
Ama-Sesame Oil Angaba esikhundleni
Yini engingayishintsha esikhundleni sikawoyela wesesame? Ngezansi, sikhulume ngamafutha angu-7 angasetshenziswa njengenye indlela yamafutha e-sesame ngaphandle kokucabanga.
Ngakho-ke, ake sazi ngamunye ngamunye ngokuningiliziwe ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu.
1. Amafutha e-Perilla
I-Perilla Oil iwuwoyela we-hazelnut otholakala embewini ye-Perilla frutescens ngemva kokugazinga.
Kuyaziwa njengenye indlela engcono kakhulu kuwoyela wesesame, ingamafutha angeke wonakalise ukunambitheka kweresiphi yakho.
Ngephuzu lentuthu elingu-189°C, uwoyela we-perilla uthathwa njengendawo enhle kawoyela wesesame esikhundleni se-Lo Mein.
Kungani i-Perilla Oil?
- Inothe ngamafutha e-Omega-3 (54-64%), i-Omega-6 (14%) kanye ne-Omega-9.
- The ukuba khona kwe-polyunsaturated eshiwo ngenhla amafutha kuwoyela wePerilla asivikela ezifweni ezithile ezinjengomdlavuza, izifo zenhliziyo, ukuvuvukala kanye nesifo samathambo.
Ukudla Okunomsoco Ukuqhathanisa
Amafutha e-Perilla (100g) | Amafutha eSesame (100 g) | |
Energy | 3700KJ | awu 3700kj |
Amafutha anelisiwe | Kufika ku-10g | 14g |
Amafutha aseMonounsaturated | Kufika ku-22g | 39g |
I-Polyunsaturated | Kufika ku-86g | 41g |
Ukunambitheka Kwamafutha e-Perilla
I-nutty ne-flavour enesibindi
Ukusebenzisa Amafutha e-Perilla Ezitsheni
Ukupheka, ukupheka nokugqoka. Ikakhulukazi i-Soba Noodles, i-Tteokbokki, njll. Isetshenziswa ku-cuisine yaseKorea.
2. Amafutha E-Olive
Uma ungumuntu okhathalela impilo, amafutha omnqumo ayindlela engcono kakhulu kawoyela wesesame ongayikhetha.
Izinzuzo zayo zezempilo ziyenze yaduma kangangokuthi itholakala namuhla ngezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezintathu noma izimfanelo.
Lowo uyintombi, Oyintombi Eyengeziwe, nocwengisisiwe.
Uwoyela wesesame ogazingiwe ungashintshwa kangcono ngamafutha omnqumo acolisisiwe, kuyilapho amafutha omnqumo engeziwe namafutha e-olive amsulwa angangena esikhundleni sikawoyela wesesame ocindezelwe obandayo.
Kubuye kubhekwe njengengxenye engcono kakhulu kawoyela wesesame esikhundleni serayisi ethosiwe.
Kungani Amafutha E-Olive?
- Amafutha omnqumo anothile ngama-antioxidants
- Amafutha omnqumo acebile empilweni noma e-monounsaturated: 73g ku-100g yamafutha omnqumo
- Inezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala
- I-cholesterol ephansi kakhulu isiza ukuvikela isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi
Ukudla Okunomsoco Ukuqhathanisa
Amafutha E-Olive (100g) | Amafutha eSesame (100g) | |
Energy | 3700KJ | awu 3700kj |
Amafutha anelisiwe | 14g | 14g |
Amafutha aseMonounsaturated | 73g | 39g |
I-Polyunsaturated | 11g | 41g |
Ukunambitheka Kwamafutha E-Olive
I-extra virgin oil oil ine-flavour ethambile noma ebabayo ekhombisa ukuthi inothile ngama-antioxidants.
Ukusebenzisa Amafutha E-Olive Ezitsheni
Nakuba i-virgin kanye ne-extra virgin isetshenziswa kakhulu kumasoso kanye ne-sautéing, amafutha omnqumo acwengekile angasetshenziswa ekuphekeni okuphezulu nokuphansi kwezinga lokushisa.
3. Amafutha Emantongomane
Uwoyela wamakinati uyindawo eseduze kawoyela wesesame esikhundleni samadombolo, ikakhulukazi amadombolo aseShayina.
Amafutha e-Peanut amafutha emifino atholakala kumantongomane futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu e-China, eMelika, e-Asia, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Isici esiyingqayizivele sala mafutha indawo yawo ephezulu yentuthu engu-232 ° C, ephakeme kunanoma yimuphi omunye uwoyela wemifino.
Uwoyela wesesame ogazingiwe ungawoyela othosiwe wamakinati othosiwe nokunye ongashintshwa ngawo
Kungani amafutha e-peanut?
- Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwamafutha e-peanut kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, ngenxa yobuningi bamafutha angenayo i-unsaturated kuwo.
- Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela bathuthuka kakhulu ngokudla njalo amafutha e-peanut ekudleni kwabo.
- Ukuthatha isipuni esisodwa samafutha e-peanut nganoma yiluphi uhlobo kuzonikeza u-11% wokudla okunconyiwe kwansuku zonke kavithamini E, osizayo. qinisa amasosha omzimba izimpendulo kubantu.
Ukudla Okunomsoco Ukuqhathanisa
Amafutha e-Peanut (100g) | Amafutha eSesame (100g) | |
Energy | 3700KJ | awu 3700kj |
Amafutha anelisiwe | 17g | 14g |
Amafutha aseMonounsaturated | 46g | 39g |
I-Polyunsaturated | 32g | 41g |
Ukunambitheka Kwawoyela Wamantongomane
Isuka ku-flavour emaphakathi kancane iye ku-nutty kancane, enenguqulo egazingiwe enokunambitheka okuqine kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa Amafutha E-Peanut Ezitsheni
Isetshenziselwa u-sautéing, ukuthosa, ukwengeza ukunambitheka
4. Amafutha eWalnut
Ama-Walnuts angenye indlela ehlukile kuwoyela wesesame ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okucebile namantongomane - asetshenziswa kangcono ekushiseni kwegumbi ukuze kugwenywe ukufutheka okuncane.
Amafutha e-Walnut, anephuzu eliphansi kakhulu lentuthu engu-160 ° C, yingakho engafaneleki ukupheka ukushisa okuphezulu.
Kungani Amafutha E-Walnut?
- Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-omega-3 fatty acids, isekela impilo yesikhumba ngezindlela eziningi.
- Ukuba namafutha e-polyunsaturated kuthuthukisa izinga likashukela egazini, umfutho wegazi kanye nezinga le-cholesterol.
Ukudla Okunomsoco Ukuqhathanisa
Amafutha e-Walnut (100g) | Amafutha eSesame (100g) | |
Energy | 3700KJ | awu 3700kj |
Amafutha anelisiwe | 9g | 14g |
Amafutha aseMonounsaturated | 23g | 39g |
I-Polyunsaturated | 63g | 41g |
Ukunambitha Kwamafutha Walnut
I-nutty flavour
Ukusebenzisa i-Walnut Oil ezitsheni
Akunconyelwe ukuthosa, kodwa ilungele ukugqoka isaladi.
Ukuze uthole ukunambitheka kwe-steak, inhlanzi kanye ne-pasta
5. Amafutha eCanola
Futhi ingenye indlela enhle kuwoyela wesesame, enezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo ezifakazelwe. Ine-Omega-3 ebalulekile etholakala ezinhlanzini kanye ne-Lenolied acid ebizwa ngokuthi i-omega-6.
Izuzisa kakhulu uma isetshenziswa ngaphandle kokufudumeza, njengoba igcina iningi lamafutha acid alungele isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi.
Ngaphandle kokuba nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lentuthu elingu-204°C, iphunga layo alinamandla kangako.
Kungani Amafutha eCanola?
- Iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-phytosterols anciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol
- Inothe ngovithamini E, ovikela umzimba ekulimaleni kwama-radical mahhala, isifo senhliziyo nomdlavuza.
- Inenani eliphansi kakhulu lamafutha e-trans noma agcwele, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amafutha amabi.
- Icebile ngamafutha amahle njenge-omega-3. Kokubili lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela izifo ezithile ezihlobene nenhliziyo kanye nokushaywa unhlangothi ngokwehlisa i-cholesterol embi.
Ukudla Okunomsoco Ukuqhathanisa
Amafutha eCanola (100g) | Amafutha eSesame (100g) | |
Energy | 3700KJ | awu 3700kj |
Amafutha anelisiwe | 8g | 14g |
Amafutha aseMonounsaturated | 61g | 39g |
I-Polyunsaturated | 26g | 41g |
Ukunambitha Kwamafutha eCanola
Amafutha eCanola anokunambitheka okungathathi hlangothi futhi yilokhu okuwenza intandokazi yabapheki abaningi.
Ukusebenzisa iCanola Amafutha ezitsheni
- Igrill ngenxa yephoyinti layo eliphezulu lentuthu
- Isetshenziswa ebhikawozi ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuthambile
- isaladi yokugqoka
6. Amafutha Kakotapheya
Uma uzama iresiphi yamafutha e-sesame kodwa ufuna ukunambitheka okuncane kwe-nutty, i-Avocado iyindlela ehlukile.
I-pulp kakotapheya iyakhanywa.
Ngokungafani ne-sesame, ine-flavour enomhlaba kanye notshani, eyancipha uma isetshenziselwa ukupheka.
Iphuzu layo eliphezulu lentuthu engu-271°C livumela ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukupheka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Kungani Amafutha Ekotapheya?
- Inothile nge-Oleic acid, ethuthukisa impilo yenhliziyo ngokuthinta amazinga e-cholesterol.
- Ukuba khona kwe-Lutein, i-antioxidant, kuvimbela ezinye izifo zamehlo.
- Iphulukisa isikhumba futhi ikhuthaze ukuphulukiswa kwezilonda
Ukudla Okunomsoco Ukuqhathanisa
Amafutha Kakotapheya (100g) | Amafutha eSesame (100g) | |
Energy | 3700KJ | awu 3700kj |
Amafutha anelisiwe | 12g | 14g |
Amafutha aseMonounsaturated | 71g | 39g |
I-Polyunsaturated | 13g | 41g |
Ukunambitheka Kwamafutha Kakotapheya
Inotshani obuncane obunokunambitheka kukakotapheya kancane, kodwa ingathathi hlangothi kunamafutha omnqumo uma iphekiwe
Ukusebenzisa amafutha kakotapheya ezitsheni
I-grilled, i-sauteed ne-salad yokugqoka.
7. Tahini Namathisela
Enye indawo esikhundleni sikawoyela wesesame iTahini.
I-Tahini yaziwa kakhulu eMpumalanga Ephakathi ngoba izitsha ezidumile njengeHummus bezingeke ziphelele ngaphandle kwayo.
Nakuba lokhu kunamathisela kwenziwa ngesesame ngokwalo, isizathu sokuthi ingasetshenziswa njengengxenye esikhundleni kungenxa yawo wonke ukunambitheka okuhlukile okuba khona ngemva kokuba inhlama.
Uma iresiphi yakho ingadingi ukupheka noma ukuthosa, i-Tahini iyisixazululo esingcono kakhulu njengenye indlela kawoyela wesesame.
Kungani i-Tahini Paste?
- Igcwele amaminerali, amavithamini kanye namafutha angagcwele
- Kunama-antioxidants amaningi
- Kuqukethe izakhiwo ezilwa nokuvuvukala
- Iqinisa isimiso sakho sezinzwa
Ukudla Okunomsoco Ukuqhathanisa
I-Tahini Paste (100g) | Amafutha eSesame (100g) | |
Energy | 3700KJ | 3700KJ |
Amafutha anelisiwe | 8g | 14g |
Amafutha aseMonounsaturated | 20g | 39g |
I-Polyunsaturated | 24g | 41g |
Ukunambitheka kwe-Tahini Paste
I-Walnut, ukhilimu nokunambitheka okunosawoti okunomunyu
Ukusebenzisa i-Tahini unamathisele ezitsheni
Kusoso, ama-marinades, ukugqoka isaladi, njll.
iqiniso elijabulisayo
ISesame Street, uhlelo lukamabonakude oludumile lwezemfundo olwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1960, lwalungahlangene ngalutho nesesame. Kunalokho, igama lisuselwe kokuthi 'Hungry, Sesame!', isipelingi somlingo esidumile esishiwo ku-Arabian Nights.
Ungawenza Kanjani Amafutha ESesame Athosiwe Ngamafutha Esame Avamile?
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukususa ukudideka.
Futhi le nxushunxushu
Amafutha kasesame athosiwe ukuze athengiselwe enziwa ngezimbewu zikasesame ezigazingiwe ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe uwoyela.
Sizokutshela ukuthi ungenza kanjani uwoyela wesesame othosiwe kusuka kuwoyela wesesame osuvele unawo.
Ngakho-ke ake siqale.
Ngaphambi kokuthi siqale, kufanelekile ukusho ukusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo zakamuva esikhundleni sokwenza ikhishi imisebenzi mathupha, njengoba lokhu akugcini nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi konga isikhathi.
Thela inani elidingekayo lamafutha e-sesame epanini bese ushisa isikhashana.
Uma ubona umbala omnyama owufunayo, wukhiphe esitofini uwuthele ebhodleleni noma esitsheni.
Amafutha esesame enziwe ekhaya aselungile!
Akubuzwa, ukunambitheka ozokuthola ngale ndlela engenhla ngeke kuhambisane nokunambitheka kwamafutha e-sesame athosiwe athengiswa emakethe. Kungani?
Ngenxa yobungcweti, ulwazi kanye, phakathi kwezinye izici, abakhiqizi be-Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) bayalandela.
Abanye abantu futhi batusa uwoyela wesesame esikhundleni sokuzenzela uwoyela wesesame, kodwa lokhu akuyona inketho enengqondo ngokombono wethu.
Kungani?
Ngoba uma ungezwani nokudla okuthile, kungcono ukuqhela kukho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kudayisa noma kwenziwa ekhaya.
Isiphetho
I-nutty, earthy, amafutha esesame anothe nge-antioxidant angashintshwa kalula ngezinye izindlela eziyisikhombisa ezahlukene ngaphandle kokona ukunambitheka kwawo.
Okuwukuphela kwento okufanele uyikhumbule lapho ushintsha uhlobo olushintshayo - okugazingiwe kuqhathaniswa nokugazingiwe, okungacolisisiwe, okungacolisisiwe, okucindezelwe okubandayo, njll.
Uke wazama ukushintsha uwoyela wesesame nganoma iyiphi enye indawo? Bekuhluke kangakanani ukunambitheka? Yabelana nathi esigabeni sokuphawula esingezansi.
Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuphina/ibhukumaka futhi uvakashele blog ngolwazi oluthe xaxa oluthokozisayo kodwa lwangempela. (I-Vodka kanye nejusi yamagilebhisi)
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