UGalerina Marginata, Ikhowe Elibulalayo | Ukuhlonza, Ukubukeka, Izimpawu Zobuthi Nokwelashwa

Mayelana noGalerina Obulalayo

Amakhowe atholakala ngezinhlobo eziningi futhi yizo kuphela okungekho muntu onendaba ukuzibuka futhi athatheke.

Yini esindisa a umuntu ovela kumakhowe ukuthi ama-enzyme abulalayo, anobuthi adala ubuthi emzimbeni womuntu, njengale Galerina marginata, ikhowe elinobuthi esikhuluma ngalo namuhla, angabangela nokufa.

Ngaphandle kokumosha umzuzwana, ake siqale futhi sikunikeze ukuqonda okujulile nezingcezu nezifuba zalokhu isikhunta esibulalayo. (Galerina obulalayo)

U-Galerina marginata:

Isikhunta esaziwa ngegama laso, i-Galerina marginata, siyabulala futhi sinobuthi. Iphuma emndenini we-Hymenogastraceae futhi iwuhlobo lwamakhowe anobuthi ngokuya nge-Agaricales order.

Lelikhowe lincane kodwa aliqhubeki ngobukhulu balo ngoba ngisho nokulidla kancane lelikhowe elibulalayo lingabulala umuntu omdala ophile saka. (Galerina obulalayo)

Isexwayiso: Leli *akulona* ikhowe okufanele udlalise ngalo.

Inkinga enkulu iphakama uma kuziwa ekuqapheleni i-fugus ngoba ifana kakhulu nezinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe adliwayo.

Kuthiwa ngisho nochwepheshe we-Mycologist ngezinye izikhathi akakwazi ukuhlonza i-cryptic galena ebulalayo kanye nekhowe elidliwayo elibukeka ngendlela efanayo.

Kodwa lapha sifunda amaphuzu namathiphu angakusiza wenze umehluko olula phakathi kokubulalayo nokubulalayo izinhlobo ezidliwayo zamakhowe. (Galerina obulalayo)

Umazisi we-Galerina marginata:

Mayelana nosayizi, i-Galerina marginata noma i-GM inosayizi omaphakathi, kanti umbala wesigqoko sayo unombala ophuzi-nsunsundu noma onsundu nje.

Uma isikhulile isanda, imiphetho izoqondana futhi icwebe, kodwa imibala izoshintsha ibe tan noma icwebezele njengoba ifiphala.

I-stip namagill ansundu, futhi indawo eyindandatho ye-fibrillose ayivamisile ukubonakala ku-stipe. Hlola imigqa engezansi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe:

· Isiqu:

Inezintambo ezimhlophe futhi ubukhulu buzocishe bube ngu-2-7.5 cm ubude no-3 kuya ku-8 mm ubukhulu.

· Ikhephu:

I-convex ebanzi ibe isicaba ngosayizi ongafika ku-1.5 kuya ku-5 cm.

· Gills:

Amagill ansundu aphuzi kuya kokugqwalile, ahlanganiswe nesiqu.

Bheka lapha isithombe sika-Galerina marginata, lapho ucezu ngalunye lufakwe ilebuli yokuhlonza kangcono amakhowe anobuthi nadliwayo. (Galerina obulalayo)

· Iphunga:

Ungathatha ukhokho uwuchoboze ngobumnene phakathi kweminwe yakho ukuze ulawule iphunga lawo. Uzothola ukuthungwa kwe-powder engathandeki kanye nephunga elimnandi le-powder noma iphansi elidala. (Galerina obulalayo)

· Nambitha:

Inokunambitheka okungajabulisi kofulawa, kodwa akunconywa ukuhlafuna, ukuluma noma ukubeka ulimi lwakho kumakhowe we-Galerina marginata.

· Inyama:

Inenyama enombala onsundu futhi ayishintshi kakhulu ekuthunjweni lapho isikwa noma ivulwa.

· Isizini:

Nakuba inkathi ye-Galerina mushroom iyinde kakhulu, ithela izithelo izikhathi eziningi ngesizini. Uzoyibona ikhula kakhulu ngesikhathi sehlobo nekwindla.

I-FYI: “I-Galerina iwukhunta olukhula kalula ekuboleni kwezinkuni noma ezingodweni ezibulalayo kunoma iyiphi inkathi yonyaka.” (Galerina obulalayo)

· Ukukhula kwe-Galerina marginata:

Indlela yokukhula yalezi sikhunta iyadida ngoba ngezinye izikhathi imizimba ethela izithelo ikhula ibe amaqoqo, kanti ngezinye izikhathi uzobona ikepisi elilodwa eliwolintshi likhula emfucumfucwini.

Ngenxa yokudideka okunjalo, izazi ze-mycologists kanye ne-mushroom hobbyists zicelwa ukuba ziqaphele kakhulu lapho ziqoqa amakhowe omlingo, njengoba ukufa okuningi kwenzeke ngenxa yokungahloniphi kahle.

Ukwazi wonke amagama afanelekile ekhowe leGM nakho kuzosiza ukulikhomba. (Galerina obulalayo)

Igama elijwayelekile likaGalerina Marginata:

Igama elisemthethweni lesikhunta esibulalayo nguGalerina marginata, kodwa alaziwa ngokungekho emthethweni ngamagama ahlukene:

• GM
• I-skullcap ebulalayo
• Insimbi yomngcwabo
• I-galerina ebulalayo
• Isikhunta esinobuthi
• Isikhunta esibola ngokhuni
• Ikhowe elincane elinsundu (uhlobo oluphelele lapho amakhowe ahlukene angenzeka khona)
• I-Galerina autumnalis noma i-G. autumnalis (igama lasenyakatho ye-America)
• I-Galerina venenata noma i-G. venenata
• I-Galerina unicolor noma i-G. unicolor

Noma ngabe ulibiza ngaliphi igama leli khowa, linobuthi obudlulele futhi lingabangela ukufa ngisho nangenani elincane elisetshenzisiwe.

I-FYI: Amakhowa achitha inganekwane yase-Italy yokuthi noma isiphi isikhunta noma isikhunta esimila ezingodweni ezifile noma ku-sawdust siyadliwa. (Galerina obulalayo)

UGalerina marginata ubukeka ngendlela efanayo:

Lapho ukha amakhowe adliwayo, kufanele wazi zonke izinhlobo ezifanayo lapho ukufunda ukuthi iyiphi ikhowe ubungeke ufune ukungeza kubhasikidi wakho. (Galerina obulalayo)

Ngokwenza lokhu, uzokwazi ukuya ekhaya nezinto ezidliwayo zokuqala esikhundleni sensimbi yoMngcwabo. Ngakho i-Galerina marginata mushroom ifana ncamashi namakhowe adliwayo.

Ukujwayelana kwakho namakhowe yikho okuzokusiza ukuthi uthole futhi uhlonze ama-analogue e-galena. Bahlanganisa,

I-Armillaria spp. ngenxa yezinhlamvu zayo ezimhlophe,

I-Philiota inezinhlamvu ezibuhlungu ezinsundu ngokugqwalile nezinoqweqwe olunsundu.

I-Hypholoma Spp., Kuritake, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-brick-capped, brick-capped, redwood-lover, inezinhlamvu ezinkulu futhi insundu ngokumnyama ukuya konsomi ngombala.

I-Armillaria mellea, noma i-honey fungus ((Spp.), inekepisi elinempandla elinamasongo ansundu anjengendlu.

I-Flammulina velutipes noma i-enoki, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-velvet-stemmed noma i-velvet-footed mushroom, inekepisi eliwolintshi kanye nesiqu esimnyama, esiphuzi. (Galerina obulalayo)

I-Psilocybe noma amakhowe omlingo anamakepisi ansundu, anemigqa, anomphetho ojikajikayo futhi abe nsundu ngokuphuzi noma abe buff, njenge-Galerina marginata.

Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezilwane lubukeka lufana ngendlela emangalisayo ne-Galerina marginata, kodwa indlela ezikhula ngayo ingase idide abathanda ukuzilibazisa ngamakhowe.

Isibonelo, wonke la makhowe aphinde akhule ezingodweni ezifile, ku-sawdust nasendle. Ngakho-ke, kungaphezu kokudingekile ukuqiniseka ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwamakhowe oluthatha ekhaya, ukudla noma ukufa. (Galerina obulalayo)

Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqonde kangcono, sethula ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwekhava efile yegalari nezinye ezifanayo:

· galerina marginata vs psilocybe subaeruginosa

Nawu umehluko phakathi kwe-Galerina ne-psilocybe subaeruginosa:

1. Uma siqhathanisa womabili amakhowe, sithole ukuthi i-psilocybe subaeruginosa iyadliwa, kanti i-gallerna inobuthi obungabulala umuntu.
2. I-Subaeruginosa inombala o-violet kanti igalari yona insundu ngokugqwalile.
3. Nakuba isikhunta se-psilocybe subaeruginosa sihluka kulokhu, kusekhona isembozo esinamathiselwe emzimbeni kaGalerina.
4. Hlola umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwazo zombili izinhlobo zamakhowe. (Galerina obulalayo)

· galerina marginata vs psilocybe cyanecens

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili uyaphinda futhi,

1. I-Cyanescens iyadliwa kuyilapho i-marginata inobuthi
   
2. isigqoko sekhowa elinobuthi libushelelezi njengedome, kuyilapho i-psilcocybe cynaescens inekepisi elimagagasi elinomphetho phakathi
   
3. Zombili zinamakepisi ansundu agqwalile, kodwa ku-gallerina isiqu sinsundu futhi ekhoweneni elidliwayo simhlophe.
   
4. Hlola umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwazo zombili izinhlobo zamakhowe. (Galerina obulalayo)

· galerina vs ovoid

1. I-Galerina marginata iwukufa okungenakudliwa okubangela ukhunta, nakuba kungenjalo okweqanda.
   
2. I-Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata inezinhlamvu ezinsomi ezinsomi, kuyilapho i-galena inezinhlamvu ezigqwalile ezinsundu.
   
3. I-Galerina ineziqu eziwolintshi kanye nokubola okunsundu okumnyama, kuyilapho ukubola kwe-psilocybe cyanecens kuneziqu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezimhlophe qwa. (Galerina obulalayo)

Izimpawu ze-Galerina marginata poisoning:

I-Galerina marginata iqukethe ama-atoxin abulalayo njengesulfure nama-amino acid. Lawa ma-enzyme amabili abangela ukufa kwesikhunta kubantu abangama-90%.

Ngakho-ke, ukugwema ukudla ngazo zonke izindleko noma ukuletha i-gallerina marginata etafuleni kuyimfuneko. Uma noma ubani ethola ingcosana yokufa, imiphumela ingase ibe yingozi. (Galerina obulalayo)

Nakhu okwenzekile lapho insimbi yomngcwabo ingena esiswini sakho, zonke izimpawu zokungenwa ushevu yi-gallerina marginata:

Izimpawu zokuqala:

1. I-nausea
2. Ukuvota
3. Uhudo
4. Ama-Cramps
5. Ubuhlungu besisu

Izimpawu Ezibulalayo:

6. Ukulimala okukhulu kwesibindi
7. ukopha emathunjini
8. ukuhluleka kwezinso
9. Qalisa
10. Ukufa

Nakuba izimpawu zokuqala zingase zihlale amahora angu-XNUMX, izimpawu ezibulalayo nezinzima zingabangela ukufa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngemva kokudla noma ukudla i-gallerina marginata.

• Lapha kuzodingeka uqaphele ukuthi nakuba isikhunta silimaza kakhulu umzimba, umuntu angase angezwa ubuhlungu; amahora angama-24 okuqala.
• Okwesibili, kubangela isifo sohudo samahora angu-24, ukuhlanza kanye namajaqamba esiswini.
• Ngemva kwalokhu, izimpawu ezinzima ezifana nokuhluleka kwezinso, amahlule egazi angenzeka. (Galerina obulalayo)

Ukwelashwa kwe-Galerina marginata:

Isikhunta esincane esinsundu esibulalayo, esinobuthi futhi esilimaza kakhulu i-LBM.

Ukwelashwa kwaleli khowa elinobuthi kuncike kumthamo noma inani elisetshenzisiwe. Inani elincane lingase lingabangeli ukufa, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okungaphezu kwalokhu kungase kubangele ukufa. (Galerina obulalayo)

Uyini umthamo obulalayo we-Galerina marginata?

Nokho, u-5 kuya ku-10 mg we-atoxin otholakala ku-n marginata ungabangela ukufa komuntu omdala. Ukuze uqonde kangcono, nasi isibonelo:

Ikhowe lensimbi yomngcwabo liyingxenye yohlobo lwe-LBM, okusho ukuthi lincane kakhulu ngosayizi.

Ngakho-ke uma umuntu omdala edla amathani angama-20 amakhowe e-galena, lokho kungadala ukufa ngoba ikhambi lokuqeda ama-atoxin atholakala kugalari alikakasungulwa noma alikatholakali.

Okungaphansi kwalokho kungelapheka. Kanjani? Asiyithole emigqeni elandelayo. (Galerina obulalayo)

1. Ukuhlola izimpawu ezibalulekile noma izimpawu:

Okokuqala, odokotela noma odokotela baqala ukuhlola izimpawu noma izimpawu ezibalulekile esigulini, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, ukuqapha uketshezi nokulinganisela kwe-electrolyte.

2. Yenza i-puke yesiguli:

Okwesibili, odokotela bazozama ukuhlanza ukuze bakhiphe izinhlayiya zamakhowe ezinobuthi esiswini sakhe.

3. Amalahle acushiwe:

Odokotela kuzodingeka basebenzise namalahle acushiwe ukuze bamunce ubuthi emzimbeni womuntu othole amakhowe ansundu ngephutha.

4. Ukulawula ukwethuka:

Ukulawula ukwethuka ngokutshela iziguli ukuthi lokhu akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka futhi akufanele zilahle ithemba lokuphila. Okudingeka kakhulu ukwelashwa kwe-Galerina marginata.

5. Ukugcina inani lamanzi emzimbeni.

Uma kwenzeka isifo sohudo ngokweqile, kuzothathwa izinyathelo zokugcwalisa inani lamanzi emzimbeni ngamaconsi.

Kufanele uqaphele into eyodwa lapha, kunemibiko eminingi yokufa kwezilwane kunamakati nezinja ikakhulukazi.

Kusukela manje, uzodinga ukuqaphela ngokulinganayo, hhayi wena kuphela, ukuze uvimbele izilwane ezifuywayo ukuthi zingadli i-Galerina marginata.

Ungagcina kanjani ifomu udla i-Galerina marginata, ikhowe elincane elinsundu?

Lapho ukha amakhowe etafuleni lakho, konke kuncike ekuhleleni kwakho nasekuqondeni kwakho.

Njengoba kufana nabaningi izinhlobo ezidliwayo, uzodinga ukufunda ukuyehlukanisa nezinhlobo ezidliwayo.

Ungawadli amakhowe asendle uma ungaqiniseki ngobuthi noma ukuphepha.

Uma udla, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokumosha isikhathi.

Ngaphansi:

Konke kumayelana nekhowe elincane elinsundu elibulalayo elithi galena marginata elingakubulala. Ulwazi luhlinzekwa kuphela ngenjongo yokwazisa nokufundisa abafundi bethu mayelana fungal ezinobuthi.

Uma unempendulo noma iziphakamiso, zizwe ukhululekile ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi.

Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuphina/ibhukumaka futhi uvakashele blog ngolwazi oluthe xaxa oluthokozisayo kodwa lwangempela. (I-Vodka kanye nejusi yamagilebhisi)